Two Chemical Patents on Decisive Dates: 1914 (World War I) Ecstasy Drug Patent and in 1943 (World War II) LSD Drug Patent. Drugs to facilitate homosexuality, THE GAY FACTORY

Two Chemical Patents on Decisive Dates: 1914 (World War I) Ecstasy Drug Patent and in 1943 (World War II) LSD Drug Patent. Drugs to facilitate homosexuality,  THE GAY FACTORY

Inventor of Ecstasy:
Anton Köllisch, born in 1888 and deceased in 1916, was a German chemist who created the MDMA patent registration, methylenedioxyoxymethamphetamine which later came to be known as "Ecstasy." The chemical was requested by the pharmaceutical company Merck on December 24, 1912. Ecstasy was developed especially for soldiers as it combated hunger and sleep. The patent was accepted in 1914 and when Anton Köllisch died he still did not know what impact MDMA would have.

Inventor of LSD:
Dr. Abert Hofmann

The History of LSD below:
Claviceps purpurea, the ergot of rye
Ergot is produced by a fungus, Claviceps purpurea, which grows in rye or, to a lesser extent, in other cereals and grains. Lumps infested with the fungus have a dark brown or brown color that is closer to purple. The medicinally used ergot is the rye (Secale cornutum).
The history of ergot is fascinating in itself. Formerly feared as a poison, it was later considered a valuable reservoir of remedies. In the Middle Ages, ergot was the cause of collectively long and mysterious poisonings appearing in two forms, ergotismus gangraenosus and ergotismus convulsivus.

Therefore, enthusiastic Dr. Abert Hofmann began working with modifications of lysergic acid by adding various radicals, such as amines, by a process known as Curtius Synthesis. Combining lysergic acid with propanolamine it obtained a compound identical to ergobasin, compound naturally present in ergot, then completing the first synthesis (artificial production) of an ergot alkaloid. Following this success, the research progressed, yielding the drug Methergine, which became a leader in the field of obstetrics. On November 16, 1938, Hofmann produced the twenty-fifth substance in the series of modifications of lysergic acid, in order to obtain a compound that functions as a respiratory and circulatory stimulant (an analeptic), given the structural similarity with an analeptic in use At the time, nicotinic acid diethylamide (Coramine).

Tests in the pharmacological department of Sandoz revealed strong effects in the womb, about 70% of the effects of ergobasin that was already in use. It was also noted that the laboratory animals used in the experiment were restless. But the effects were not enough for Sandoz's interests and tests with this molecule were discontinued. Over the next five years, Hofmann has advanced with other studies with ergot, creating the drug Hydergine for improving peripheral circulation and brain function in geriatrics, which has become Sandoz's flagship product for many years. Dihydergot is also the drug for stabilizing circulation and blood pressure. All this working practically alone, which contrasts with the great teams that work in modern chemistry laboratories today. The results had undoubtedly consolidated his career and proved his competence.

But somehow Hofmann's intuition did not let him forget the twenty-fifth modification of lysergic acid, LSD-25 (Lyserg-saure-diathylamid). "A peculiar presentiment - the feeling that this molecule might have properties not established in the first investigations - led me, five years after the first synthesis, to produce LSD-25 again," says in his brilliant and fascinating book "LSD, My Problem Child "(not yet translated into Portuguese). Thus, unusually, in the spring of 1943, at the height of World War II, while Europe was suffering from the catastrophes of widespread violence and Nazi concentration camps, Hofmann broke the company's protocol, which considered molecules once Discarded as definitely out of the research program, and resynthesized the LSD-25.

In his report to Prof. Stoll wrote:
"Last Friday, April 16, 1943, I was forced to interrupt my lab work in the middle of the afternoon, and I went home, affected by exaggerated restlessness, combined with slight dizziness. At home I lay down and plunged into an unpleasant condition of intoxication, characterized by an extremely stimulated imagination. In a dreamlike state, with closed eyes (the daylight was unpleasantly bright), I perceived an uninterrupted flow of fantastic figures, extraordinary shapes with an intense play of kaleidoscopic colors. After about two hours this condition passed. "

The experience had been remarkable, both in its sudden onset and in the extraordinary unfolding. The already experienced chemist knew that he had been intoxicated with the material with which he worked, but then came the question: How had he come into contact with the material? He knew of the toxicity of ergot alkaloids since the beginning of his work in this line, about eight years before, and always maintained rigorous work habits. Perhaps at some stage some of the material should have come in contact with his skin. If this were indeed the case, LSD-25 would have to be a substance with extraordinary potency. To know, there was only one way: Hofmann decided to try a self-controlled experiment.

With extreme caution, he thought of as little as possible to do some psychic effect. He then decided to take 0.25 mg (0.00025 grams) of lysergic acid diethylamide tartrate on April 19, 1943, the Jewish Passover. While in Nazi Waffen SS Nazi troops invaded the ghettos with 2000 heavily armed soldiers, who invested against some 1,200 Jews who resisted Molotov cocktails and some pistols, Hofmann staged the most famous bicycle tour of history. Given the impositions of the war, there was a restriction on the use of the automobile, and self-experimenting with what would be a tiny dose of any other substance catapulted Hofmann into such a state of mind that he needed help from his helper to ride back home soon Of strong effects. Pedaling with difficulty, the symptoms that looked like the ones of the previous Friday began to become scary. His vision rippled and everything seemed to be reflected in a curved mirror. His feeling was that he could not get out of the place, but then the assistant warned that they actually went very fast.

Arriving home, Hofmann could barely speak, and with difficulty asked the doctor and asked to be brought milk from the neighbor. Despite delusions and hallucinating condition, the thinking was sometimes clear, and the choice of milk is because it can be used as a non-specific antidote for envenomation. The dizziness and faintness were strong, and he had to lie down on the couch. The environment was transformed in the most terrible ways. Everything turned and the furniture in the room took on grotesque and threatening forms, perpetually in motion. Throughout the afternoon he drank more than two liters of milk, brought by the neighbor, which he was unable to recognize, for he looked more like a witch.

In his reports, Hofmann emphasizes that more frightening than the changes in the external world were the inner sensations, the transformations of his inner self: "The feeling was very real that a demon had invaded me, taking care of my body, my mind and my soul. I was overwhelmed by the terrifying feeling of going crazy. I was transported to another place, another world, another time. My body was senseless, lifeless. Was I dying? Is this the transition? "He then reports that he sometimes felt outside his own body, and then he could become aware of the proportion of his tragedy:" Would my family understand that I had not experienced inconsequential and unthinking? On the contrary, that it had been with extreme caution and that such a result was totally unpredictable? [...] Then there was also a bitter irony: if I were to leave this world prematurely, it would be because of this lysergic acid diethylamide that I myself brought into existence. "